Millikan, The Electron: Its Isolation and Measurement and the Determination of some of its Properties (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2nd ed., 1924 1st ed., 1917).ДЄ. Millikan, The electron and the light-quant from the experimental point of view, Nobel Lecture, May 23, 1924, in Nobel Lectures: Physics, 1922вЂ“1941 (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1965), pp. Millikan, On the elementary electrical charge and the Avogadro constant, Physical Review 2, 109вЂ“143 (1913). Lorentz, The Theory of Electrons (New York: The Columbia University Press, 1909). Lorentz, Versuch einer Theorie der electrischen und optischen Erscheinungen in be-wegten KГ¶rpern (Leiden: E. Larmor, A dynamical theory of the electric and luminiferous medium, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A 185, 719вЂ“822 (1895). Kaufmann, Гњber die Konstitution des Elektrons, Annalen der Physik 19, 487вЂ“553 (1906). Helmholtz, On the modern development of Faraday's conception of electricity, Journal of the Chemical Society 39, 277вЂ“304 (1881). Germer, Diffraction of electrons by a crystal of nickel, Physical Review 30, 705вЂ“740 (1927). de Broglie, Quanta de lumiГЁre, diffraction et interfГ©rences, Comptes Rendus 177, 548вЂ“550 (1923).Д¬. Becquerel, Contribution Г l'ГЁtude du rayonnement du radium, Comptes Rendus 130, 206вЂ“211 (1900). When a voltage of around 5000V or greater was applied, it accelerated the electrons and thus they had high velocity and upon hitting the anode or the glass wall of the tube, X-ray was generated.H. Note: The Crookes tube led to the discovery of X-rays which has many applications and practical uses. We can understand from the above discussion that it was concluded about every atom and thus matter containing electrons. Through this experiment it was concluded that electrons were the basic constituent of the atoms and matter contains atoms thus it was concluded that matter consisted of electrons. These rays consisted of material particles, electrons and it caused other materials to glow upon striking on them. This behaviour was similar to that of a negatively charged particle and this suggested that the rays contained electrons. The cathode rays were deflected by electrical and magnetic fields. Cathode rays originated from the cathode and travelled in straight lines carrying a negative charge. Thomson studied the characteristics and the constituents of cathode rays.Д¬ertain properties of these cathode rays were concluded so let us discuss them now. These rays were called the cathode rays.Д®xperiments on the discharge tube were first performed in 1878 by an English physicist, William Crookes. Due to this electrical current, a stream of rays originating from the cathode passed through the tube. In the discharge tube experiment, at a very high voltage and low pressure, an electrical current was passed. Plate connected to the positive terminal is anode and the plate connected to the negative terminal is the cathode and the tube is filled with any gas.

One end is connected to the positive terminal and the other to the negative terminal of the high voltage power supply. This tube is made up of a glass which has two metallic plates. Discharge tube is also known as вЂCROOKES TUBEвЂ™.

Cathode ray experiment faraday